Yep, SC, you're on the right track. There is pipe that enters the center tunnel on the top of the frame head and runs through the tunnel to the rear of the car and exits through the top of the driver's side frame horn.
There's lots of "stuff" inside that tunnel. Not only the shifter rod and fuel line in there, there are lots of metal tubes hidden away inside. Tubes for your clutch cable, accelerator cable, heater and defroster cables and couple of tubes for you emergency brake cables. When Ferdinand Porsche designed the little critter back in the 1930s, he figured all that stuff would outlast the life of the car so he sealed it up nice and tight and went on with designing the rest of the car. The only thing he really gave “access” to in there (and you have to be Inspector Gadget to take advantage of the “access”) is the shift rod. Problem is, he did such a good job with the rest of the car that they have lasted long enough for us to sometime experience “problems” with the pipes and tubes that meant to outlast the car. The reason you won’t find any instructions replacing your fuel line in a Haynes manual is that if you have the tools, skills and knowledge to replace the fuel line, you’re way past needing the help of the Haynes manual. I think I’ve heard before that an official VW Shop manual has instructions for cutting into the tunnel and repairing stuff.
If the fuel pipe is leaking, it has to be replaced. If it’s just stopped up (from the description of the inside of your carburetor, I’ll BET MONEY yours is!) a better option is to clean it out. You’ll need an old accelerator cable, several spray cans of carb cleaner, an air compressor, and lots of time and patients. Pull the tank out and start spaying a little cleaner in the pipe, poking at it with the cable and blowing on it with compressed air. Continue this process for about an hour . . . and repeat it every evening for the next couple of weeks. When it’s cleaned out, start cleaning on the tank . . . if it’s in the carb and in the fuel pipe, you can bet there’s a big layer of that goo in the bottom of the tank. I’m lazy. I just find another tank with no goo in it. When you reinstall the tank, hook it to the pipe on top of the frame head with BRAND NEW HIGH QUALITY fuel hose. The good kind with the braided reinforcement stuff on the outside. It’s metric. The stuff at AutoZone is a standard size. It “kind’a” works, but you don’t want something that “kind’a” works holding back 10 gallons of gas. Don’t ask me why I know this. Use the same hose at the back of the car. Make sure you have a grommet in the tin where the fuel line comes into the engine compartment, or better yet, use some lamp parts and high temp. silicone to keep the tin from rubbing through the pipe (directions are in Bob Hoover’s Tulz series . . . there’s a link to them somewhere on the forum. Read the one about VW fires.) If you want to run a filter, put it under the tank or where the pipe comes out of the frame horn at the back. Don’t put it between the fuel pump and carb.